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Emotional support animals (ESAs) can be an important lifeline for many people struggling with emotional or mental disorders.

However, unlike guide and service dogs, the purpose of these dogs and the laws surrounding them are not well understood.

For those living in the state of California, this article will go through everything you need to know about ESAs and the laws regarding them.

It will cover:

• What is an emotional support animal
• How to qualify for an emotional support animal
• Which state and federal laws cover emotional support animals
• The rights of emotional support animals and their owners in regards to:
  • Housing
  • Employment
  • Transportation
  • Public Spaces

This article should provide you with everything you need to know whether you have your own ESA or whether you are dealing with a friend, employee, neighbor, or so forth that benefits from the support of an ESA.

What Is An Emotional Support Animal?

Emotional support animals are animals that are prescribed by a medical professional to provide companionship and emotional support to individuals who need it.

The types of people who may qualify for an ESA vary greatly and include individuals suffering from depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and a plethora of other challenges.

Emotional support animals can be any type of animal including dogs, cats, birds, lizards, and horses. There are no restrictions, though dogs are one of the most common ESAs.

Emotional support animals differ from service animals, such as guide dogs, in terms of what they are trained to do.

Service animals are trained to perform specific tasks that specifically relate to the disability of their owner. For example:

• Guide dogs are trained to help blind or partially sighted individuals navigate;
• Seizure alert dogs are trained to either watch over their owner or fetch help in the case of a seizure
• Diabetes dogs are trained to alert their owner when their blood sugar drops
• Psychiatric support dogs are trained to perform specific tasks, such as maintaining the attention of their owner when on the street so they do not walk into traffic.

Emotional support animals, by contrast, are simply tasked with giving love and companionship and not to perform specific tasks as they relate to a specific disability.

While some ESAs may be trained to perform anxiety-reducing practices such as pressure therapy, they are still not considered service animals.

This is important because both federal and state laws for service animals and emotional support animals are different.

How To Qualify For An Emotional Support Animal?

Qualifying for an emotional support animal is often described as receiving an ESA prescription, as the process greatly resembles receiving a doctor’s prescription.

In order to legitimately qualify for an emotional support animal, you must be diagnosed with a mental or emotional condition as stated in the American Disabilities Act, though the details of this condition need not appear in the letter.

Conditions generally considered appropriate for an ESA include:

• Attention deficit disorder
• Autism
• Bipolar
• Cognitive disorder
• Depression
• General anxiety disorder
• Learning disorders
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Severe anxiety

There is no official registration system for ESAs; rather as the owner of an ESA, you need a letter from a licensed medical professional stating your need for an emotional support animal.

This letter applies to you, and simply needs to state that you need the support of an ESA. The letter does not need to state which animal is acting as your ESA, and you do not need to register your animal as an ESA with any organization.

For this letter to be recognized in the state of California, it must be signed by someone who is licensed to practice medicine in the state of California and must be delivered on their practice’s letterhead.

The letter should be renewed every year, and letters more than 12 months old do not need to be accepted as proof of the need for an ESA.

Which State And Federal Laws Cover Emotional Support Animals?

There are a number of federal and state laws that relate specifically to the rights of emotional support animals.

When state and federal laws do not align, whichever law provides the greatest liberty and flexibility should be applied.

Currently, in the state of California, federal law dictates the rights of ESAs in regards to housing and transportation. There is state law providing additional benefits in the workplace for ESA.

The relevant federal laws are:

The relevant state laws are:

The Rights Of Emotional Support Animals And Their Owners

Housing

Both California state and federal law state that individuals with emotional support animals have the right for their animal to live in their home with them.

This regulation applies even to housing with restrictions on animals. Landlords must make an exception and allow the animal to enter the home as well.

In addition, it is illegal for individuals to be asked to pay anything extra for housing as a result of the presence of their ESA. This includes a restriction against requiring an additional deposit to protect against the presence of the animal.

The landlord may ask to see the individual’s ESA letter as proof that they require the emotional support animal. They do not need to accept a letter that is more than 12 months old.

The landlord is within their rights to contact the practice that issues the ESA letter in order to verify its legitimacy. But they are only within their rights to confirm that the ESA letter has been legitimately provided. They cannot ask for any details about the patient or the reasons why the ESA letter has been issued.

Employment

Employment is the only area in which California state law is significantly different from federal law.

Federal law leaves it to the discretion of the employer to decide whether or not to allow an ESA in the workplace though the law does encourage employers to accommodate ESAs just as they would any other disability-related support, as long as it is safe to do so.

California takes this a step further and requires that employers take every reasonable step to accommodate ESAs in the workplace as part of their efforts not to discriminate against disability.

This law applies both to existing employees and also applicants, and employers are not able to discriminate against applicants on the basis that they require the support of an emotional support animal.

Transportation

The old rules stated emotional support animals must be able to travel in the cabin. However, these times are a changing. Scroll down to see the new ruling.

According to federal law, emotional support animals must be able to travel in the cabin with their owner when they are traveling on domestic aircraft.

Airlines cannot apply additional charges for carrying the animal; however, airlines do have some discretion when it comes to the type and size of animals. For example, airlines are not required to carry horses or large snakes in their cabins.

Passengers must advise the airline that they will be traveling with their ESA at least 48 hours before flight departure, and if requested, must provide their valid ESA letter.

These days, most airlines do not require an ESA letter, but they rather ask passengers to sign a waiver vouching for the behavior of their animal on the flight.

The same laws do not extend towards other types of public transport, such as trains and buses. While service dogs must be granted access to all modes of transport, whether public or private, the same rights do not extend to ESAs.

New Rules For Traveling With Your Emotional Support Animal

There have been several highly publicized incidents of Emotional Support Animals expressing aggressive behavior and attacking passengers and airline employees.

This is likely the result of new rules set out by the Department of Transportation.

As of December 2nd, 2020, The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) made updates to their rules on traveling with ESA’s and Service Animals.

The DOT revised Air Carrier Access Act and no longer considers an emotional support animal to be a service animal.

What does this mean? In my eyes, airlines are no longer required to allow emotional support animals to travel in the cabin with their owner.

As a result of these changes many airlines have banned Emotional Support Animals.

Public Spaces

The key difference in laws relating to service animals and emotional support animals are in regards to the right of access to public spaces.

While service animals, specifically including psychiatric service dogs in the state of California, are granted the right of public access, this does not extend to emotional support animals.

According to California laws, service dogs (though not all types of animals) that have been trained to perform specific tasks in relation to a disability must be given right of access to:

• Any place to which the general public is invited (including restaurants, hotels, shops, government buildings, etc.)
• Medical facilities such as hospitals and clinics
• Any public conveyance or mode of transportation, whether private or public

In order to determine whether the dog in questions is indeed a service dog, functionaries are allowed to ask only:

• Whether the dog is required because of a disability
• What work the dog is trained to perform

No additional proof that the dog is registered or certified as a service dog is required.

But when it comes to emotional support animals, it is down to the discretion of functionaries whether or not to grant access. They are completely within their rights to deny access to ESAs.

FAQs

Does California Recognize Emotional Support Animals?

Yes, the state of California recognizes emotional support animals and has laws in place to ensure that individuals can be accompanied by their ESAs in the most important areas.

This includes laws that ensure an individual can live with their ESA without incurring additional charges, even when pets are restricted. There are also laws that ensure individuals can be accompanied by the ESA in the workplace and they cannot be discriminated against as a result of their use of an ESA.

ESAs are also allowed to travel with their owners on commercial aircraft as required by federal law. However, there are no laws giving ESAs access to other forms of transport. – See above for the new restrictions for ESA’s and commercial aircrafts.

In addition, unlike service dogs, ESAs do not have the right of access to public spaces in general and can be turned away.

How Do I Register My Dog As An Emotional Support Animal In California?

There is no registry for emotional support animals, either in California or on a national level.

The process of gaining an ESA is about you. You must be diagnosed with a condition that is considered serious enough to warrant the support of an ESA. This includes a variety of mental and emotional challenges, including PTSD, anxiety, depression, and so forth.

You must then obtain an ESA letter from a licensed medical practitioner. If you are in the state of California, they must also be licensed in the state. The letter must say you require the support of an ESA. It does not need to give details as to why or provide any details about the animal.

You are then free to choose an animal to act as your ESA. While there are no restrictions on the animal, they are expected to be appropriately trained to be in public spaces.

Read more about training Emotional Support Animals here.

Can A Business Refuse An Emotional Support Animal?

Yes, businesses are allowed to refuse entry to emotional support animals.

Unlike service dogs, such as guide dogs and psychiatric support animals, ESAs do not have the right to public access. This means that it is down to the discretion of a business owner whether or not to allow an ESA access to the premises.

In California, however, the rules are not the same for employers. When it comes to employees, business owners must take all reasonable steps within their power to enable their employees to bring ESAs to work with them.

Refusing to make reasonable accommodations for the ESAs or employees is considered against the disability discrimination act.

Can A Landlord Refuse An ESA?

Landlords are required to allow residents to keep ESAs within their homes, even if the property is governed by a no-pets policy. ESAs, as well as service animals, are exempt from this restriction and must be allowed to stay at the property with their owner.

In addition, landlords are not allowed to request additional charges to cover the presence of the ESA. This includes not being able to increase deposits due to the presence of the animal.

A landlord is within their rights to ask to see your ESA letter to verify your right to an ESA. They are also allowed to verify the veracity of the letter with the medical practitioner that issues it. However, they are not allowed to request any specific information about the condition that justifies the need for an ESA.

Do Emotional Support Animals Count Toward Pet Limits?

Emotional support animals are not considered pets and, therefore, do not count towards pet limits.

For example, if you live somewhere with a one pet limit and you already have a cat, and then you get a dog as an ESA, your landlord cannot require you to remove the cat from the premises as in excess of their one pet policy.

ESA are not pets, and do not preclude you from owning other pets.

Conclusion

The laws and rights as they extend to emotional support animals can be confusing. The detail of the law varies from state to state, and not everyone is always clear about the differences between service animals and emotional support animals.

The key difference between these two types of animals is that service dogs are trained to perform specific tasks as they relate to supporting a person with a disability. So, service dogs include animals such as guide dogs and diabetes detection dogs.

Emotional support animals, in contrast, provide love, support, and companionship, and not to perform specific tasks of assistance.

It is not always obvious to other people whether a dog is a service dog or an ESA. But in order to qualify for either type of dog, you will require a letter from a medical practitioner. This letter will indicate which type of animal you are eligible for.

If you have an emotional support animal in the state of California, you have the right for them to live with you in any type of housing, even if pets are restricted, without incurring additional expense. Your employer must also take all viable steps to accommodate your ESA at work.

Emotional support animals are also allowed to travel on commercial aircraft with their owner for no additional charge, as long as the airline is advised at least 48 hours in advance. As of this writing the DOT has updated their policy on Emotional Support Animals and no longer consider them Service Animals. Therefore many airlines no longer allows ESA’s on their flights.

However, that is the limit of access right for ESAs. Unlike service dogs, they do not have a general right of access to public spaces, including other forms of public transport. Similarly, functionaries do not need to let them into restaurants, shopping centers, theatres, on buses, and so forth.

As time passes and the importance of therapies such as emotional support animals becomes better understood, laws regarding the right of access for ESAs will also expand, in California and beyond.

We already see that since this article was first written changes to the laws have not expanded, but instead have become more strict for Emotional Support Animals.

Do you have an emotional support animal in California?

Share your experiences and insights in the comments section below or via our social media.

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Top Picks For Our Puppies

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This post may contain affiliate links. We may earn money or products from the companies mentioned in this post.

Keeping your fur baby healthy means fewer visits to the vet. Deworming is crucial if you want to keep your puppy parasite-free.

Fortunately, deworming is a relatively hassle-free process that can be accomplished with just a few steps.

Once you have dewormed your puppy, you’ll probably want to know how long your dog will continue to poop worms. Puppies will typically poop worms for 2-3 days after they have been dewormed.

However, you may still find some worms in your puppy’s excrement up to a week after deworming. This is completely normal and should not alarm you.

Worms are a common problem for dogs at any stage of life. As a pet parent, it’s important to understand just how to deal with these pesky parasites. To find out everything you need to know about deworming your puppy, keep reading!

Please contact your veterinarian if your puppy has worms or you plan on deworming your puppy. This site is for entertainment purposes only and you should consult with your veterinarian if you have any health related concerns about your dog or puppy.

How Do Puppies Get Worms?

Puppies are not just adorable, they are also curious. This means there are plenty of ways in which your fur baby can become infected with worms.

Transmission From Mom To Puppy

It is fairly common for worms to be transmitted from mothers to their puppies. Parasites like roundworms can be transmitted while puppies are still in utero.

They can also be transmitted through a mother’s milk to her puppies. While your puppy is nursing, it can easily contract worms if its mother is infected.

Ingesting Worm Eggs Or Worm Larvae

Puppies like to taste and lick everything. This is just how dogs explore the world around them. Unfortunately, this also means they ingest plenty of dirt.

Grass, soil, and debris are all possible carriers of worm eggs and larvae. When an infected animal poops, it can leave parasite eggs on various surfaces. Once your puppy comes into contact with these surfaces, it may ingest the worm larvae or eggs and become infected.

Transmission From Other Animals

Parasites spread easily from one animal to the next. If you have multiple pets in your household, it is important to ensure all of them are dewormed regularly.

Worm eggs can spread from one pet to another through feces, contaminated food, or contaminated surfaces. It is important to keep your pup from ingesting excrement from other animals. This is the easiest way your dog can become infected.

Fleas

Fleas can carry worm larvae. This means that if your puppy gets infested with fleas, they are also at risk for a worm infestation.

Keep a lookout for fleas and have a regular grooming schedule to ensure that your puppy is protected against these pests.

Fur

Puppies like to groom themselves. However, in the process of licking their fur, they may ingest parasite eggs.

As long as your puppy is interacting with the environment, they are bound to come into contact with dirt. It’s therefore important to keep your pooch bathed and clean. This will minimize the risk of your pup carrying worm eggs or larvae on their coat.

Signs That Your Puppy Has Worms

Catching a worm infestation early on can save you lots of trouble down the road. Untreated infections can lead to health complications so it is vital to keep a lookout for the following warning signs.

Worms In Your Puppy’s Poop

When your puppy has worms, you are likely to see them in her excrement. When parasites accumulate in the intestines, some of them will be passed when your dog has a bowel movement.

It is also not uncommon to find worms in your puppy’s vomit if they are infected. Pooping or vomiting worms is one of the key indicators that your puppy is infected. However, not all parasites are visible to the naked eye.

Bloating

Bloating is a common symptom found in puppies infected with worms. Bloating is especially common in nursing puppies that have contracted parasites from their mother.

Weight Loss

Weight loss and stunted growth are symptoms that could point to a parasitic infection. If your puppy is not growing as expected or suddenly starts to lose weight, it’s important to have them checked for worms.

Parasites will interfere with your pup’s ability to absorb nutrients from their food, resulting in weight loss.

Lethargy and Weakness

Puppies are naturally playful and curious. If you notice that your pooch seems lethargic and weak, you may need to have them checked for worms.

Constant Hunger

If your pup does not seem to get full, there may be more to it than a voracious appetite. Dogs with worm infestations are constantly hungry and they will eat more than usual.

Despite this increased appetite, you will notice that your puppy does not put on weight as expected. This is another warning sign that your pup may need deworming.

Asymptomatic

Not all worm infestations will manifest themselves obviously. Your pup may be completely asymptomatic and still have parasites.

This is why it’s important to stick to a regular deworming schedule as recommended by your vet, regardless of whether you see symptoms of infection or not.

What Types Of Worms Are Found In Puppies

Different types of worms could infest your puppy. Some of these parasites can be fatal, so it is important to understand the different types of parasitic worms.

Roundworms

Roundworms are common in puppies. This type of worm is transmitted from mother to puppy in the womb or during nursing.

Some common signs that your puppy has a roundworm infestation are bloating, weight loss, and diarrhea.  

Hookworms

Hookworms are small parasites that can nonetheless cause a lot of damage to your puppy’s health. These parasites attach to your puppy’s small intestine and absorb blood and nutrients from the body.

Hookworms can cause anemia, weakness, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, hookworm infestation can be fatal, so early treatment is essential.

Tapeworms

Fleas are the most common transmitters of tapeworms. In most cases, a tapeworm infection will be asymptomatic. However, you may notice this type of worm in your dog’s poop.

Whipworms

Whipworms are small, threadlike parasites. They typically infest the large intestines. If your puppy has whipworms, some of the symptoms include malnutrition and anemia. You may also notice that your dog’s poop is bloody.

Whipworms can only be detected microscopically so your vet will need stool samples to diagnose this type of worm. If left untreated, whipworms can be fatal, so speedy treatment is important.

Coccidia

Coccidia worms are common in puppies from puppy mills and pet stores. They rarely affect adult dogs so this type of parasite is mostly a problem for puppies.

Symptoms of coccidia infestations include dehydration and bloody diarrhea.

We brought Linus home from the animal shelter at around 8-10 weeks old. He was lethargic, dehydrated, and anemic. Among other ailments, he was also diagnosed with Coccidia.

How To Deworm Your Puppy

There is no need to fret if you find that your puppy’s poo has worms or if your dog is exhibiting other symptoms of worm infestation.

There are plenty of medications available for deworming, and your vet will recommend the best medication for your puppy.

Most dewormers come in the form of tasty tablets to make it easy for your puppy to take them. However, if you have trouble getting your puppy to take the tablet, you can hide it in their treats or food.

Deworming medications are typically broad-spectrum and will be effective against different types of parasitic worms. However, the appropriate dosage for your dog will depend on their body weight, so always consult your vet.

It is recommended that you deworm from the age of two weeks, and every two weeks after that until your dog is three months old.

At this point, you can scale back to deworming monthly until your puppy the six-month mark. After six months, it is recommended that you continue deworming your dog every three months.

Since parasites can be transmitted from mother to puppy, always ensure that you deworm the mother as well. This will ensure that your pup does not get infected through nursing or contact with its mother.

Always remember that deworming only gets rid of existing worms and does not prevent reinfection.

What To Expect After Deworming Your Puppy?

Most deworming treatments work in two to six hours after administration. Some medications will dissolve the worms while some will paralyze them.

Paralyzed worms pass through the intestinal tract and are passed out in your puppy’s poop. This is why you will notice that your puppy poops worms after deworming. This may continue for three days or even longer.

Be careful to dispose of your dog’s excrement properly to get rid of any worm eggs and larvae. Always wash your hands thoroughly after cleaning up dog poop.  

Side Effects Of Deworming Your Puppy

Most deworming medications are safe for your puppy. However, your pooch may experience some side effects after deworming.

Bloody stool

If your puppy has bloody stool after deworming, this condition is no cause for alarm. This often happens as the worms detach from the intestines. However, if the condition persists for more than three days, consult your vet.

Diarrhea

Puppies may experience diarrhea after deworming. This is a result of the inflammation caused by worms unlatching from the intestines. As long as diarrhea doesn’t last for more than a couple of days, your pup should be just fine.

Lethargy

Your pooch may not be its usual playful self after deworming. This is due to the discomfort caused by diarrhea. Make sure you give your pup plenty of water during this time to prevent dehydration.

How To Prevent Worms In Puppies

Worms are part of the doggy experience and at some point, your pup is going to pick up these parasites. However, there are still measures you can take to minimize the risk of infection.

Pick Up After Your Dog

Your puppy will pass worms with their poo after deworming. This happens for up to 3 days after the deworming process. If you do not dispose of the excrement properly, the eggs in the poop can cause reinfection if your pup comes into contact with them.

Picking up after your dog is not just good for the environment, but it will also help minimize the risk of reinfection. Dog poo is the biggest carrier of worms and worm eggs, so disposing of it properly is crucial. Potty training your pup will also ensure that dog excrement does not end up in the wrong place.

Wash Your Hands After Handling Your Pets

Your puppy can carry parasite eggs in its fur. If you handle your pets then prepare their food without washing your hands in between, the food can become contaminated. This will lead to constant worm reinfections for your puppy.

Clean hands mean a lower risk of worm eggs getting into your fur baby’s food.

Treat Your Puppy’s Fleas

Fleas carry worm eggs and larvae and can easily cause parasitic infections. To keep your puppy safe, make sure you treat your pup and any other pets in the house for fleas.

Regular flea treatments ensure that your puppy will not get infected by worms that are spread by fleas. Also, keep a household flea spray handy to get rid of any fleas in your home.

Ensure That Dog Food And Water Are Clean

Dogs ingest worms from contaminated food and water. Clean your puppy’s food and water bowls regularly. Any raw foods such as vegetables should be thoroughly washed before being fed to your pup.

Deworm Your Pets Regularly

Sticking to a regular deworming schedule is important in keeping your puppy healthy. Don’t forget to deworm other pets in the house as well to prevent cross-infection.

Parasites can easily spread from one animal to another, so it is important to have a routine deworming schedule for all of your pets.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Should I Expect After Deworming A Puppy?

After deworming your puppy, expect that your puppy to poop worms. This is because the deworming medication paralyzes the worms, which then pass from the intestines into the feces.

You should expect your dog to experience some diarrhea after deworming. This should last for a day or two as the worms get passed out in poop.

How Long Does It Take For A Dewormer To Work In Puppies?

A dewormer will start to work between two and six hours after administration. Deworming medications work in different ways, depending on the type you purchase. Some dewormers will dissolve the worms while others will paralyze them.

When the worms are paralyzed, they need to be passed out of the body, so they will be excreted in your puppy’s poop. This is normal.

How Long Till Tapeworms Are Gone After Deworming?

Tapeworms will be gone within 24 hours after deworming. You may choose a tablet or injectable dewormer. After the process is complete, tapeworms are typically dissolved in the intestines so you will not see any in your puppy’s poop.

Tapeworms are mostly spread by fleas. It is important to keep your puppy free of fleas to minimize the risk of tapeworm infections.

Is It Safe To Deworm A Puppy Twice?

Yes, it is safe to deworm a puppy twice. Puppies are especially vulnerable to parasitic infections. This means that they need to be dewormed frequently to keep them healthy.

You should deworm your puppy at two-week intervals starting from the age of two weeks. Once the puppy is three months old, you should deworm once a month until the puppy gets to six months of age. After this point, it is recommended that you deworm your dog every three months moving forward.

Can A Puppy Eat After Deworming?

Yes, after deworming your puppy can eat as usual. There are no particular dietary restrictions required after deworming. However, you may notice that your dog may have a reduced appetite. This is normal after deworming.

Make sure your puppy eats some food and gets sufficient water to prevent dehydration.

Is Deworming A Puppy Necessary?

Yes, deworming a puppy is necessary. Puppies are at high risk for worm infestations. Puppies can contract worms from the mother while in the womb or nursing. This means that even newborn puppies may have worms.

It is important to start deworming your puppy from the age of two weeks and follow up with a regular deworming schedule. Parasites can cause serious health complications in puppies and some cases may even be fatal.

Can I Get Worms From My Puppy?

Yes, you can get worms from your puppy. Worms that infect puppies can also infect humans. This means that you need to be careful about hygiene and disposing of your pup’s poop. Worm eggs and larvae in dog poop can stay on grass and soil for extended periods.

Eating contaminated food or water can also lead to infection. It is especially important to keep small children from ingesting anything that may be contaminated with a dog’s fecal matter.

Conclusion

Puppies are adorable, cute, and a joy to have around. However, your pup is at their most delicate when young, so this means they need extra care. Deworming is one way to make sure that your pup stays happy and healthy.

With the right medication and deworming schedule, worms will not pose a serious health risk for your pooch. Be sure to consult your vet for the appropriate dosage and deworming schedule for your dog.

Has your puppy ever had worms?

Did you have to get him dewormed?

Tell us about your experiences in the comment section below.

Save To Pinterest

Top Picks For Our Puppies

1. BEST PUPPY TOY
   We Like: Snuggle Puppy w/ Heart Beat & Heat Pack – Perfect for new puppies. We get all of our Service Dog pups a Snuggle Puppy.
2. BEST DOG CHEW
   We Like: Best Bully Sticks – All of our puppies love to bite, nip, and chew. We love using Bully Sticks to help divert these unwanted behaviors.
3. BEST DOG TREATS
   We Like: Wellness Soft Puppy Bites – One of our favorite treats for training our service dog puppies.
4. BEST FRESH DOG FOOD
   We Like: The Farmer’s Dog – A couple months ago we started feeding Raven fresh dog food and she loves it! Get 50% off your first order of The Farmer’s Dog.

Check out more of our favorites on our New Puppy Checklist.